.. doctest-skip-all Using ``astropy.vo.client`` =========================== This subpackage contains modules supporting VO client-side operations. .. _vo-sec-client-cat-manip: Catalog Manipulation -------------------- You can manipulate a VO catalog using `~astropy.vo.client.vos_catalog.VOSCatalog`, which is basically a dictionary with added functionalities. .. _vo-sec-client-cat-manip-examples: Examples ^^^^^^^^ >>> from astropy.vo.client.vos_catalog import VOSCatalog You can create a VO catalog from scratch with your own VO service by providing its title and access URL, and optionally any other metadata as key-value pairs: >>> my_cat = VOSCatalog.create( ... 'My Own', 'http://ex.org/cgi-bin/cs.pl?', ... description='My first VO service.', creator='J. Doe', year=2013) >>> print(my_cat) title: My Own url: http://ex.org/cgi-bin/cs.pl? >>> print(my_cat.dumps()) { "creator": "J. Doe", "description": "My first VO service.", "title": "My Own", "url": "http://ex.org/cgi-bin/cs.pl?", "year": 2013 } You can modify and add fields: >>> my_cat['year'] = 2014 >>> my_cat['new_field'] = 'Hello world' >>> print(my_cat.dumps()) { "creator": "J. Doe", "description": "My first VO service.", "new_field": "Hello world", "title": "My Own", "url": "http://ex.org/cgi-bin/cs.pl?", "year": 2014 } In addition, you can also delete an existing field, except the compulsory title and access URL: >>> my_cat.delete_attribute('description') >>> print(my_cat.dumps()) { "creator": "J. Doe", "new_field": "Hello world", "title": "My Own", "url": "http://ex.org/cgi-bin/cs.pl?", "year": 2014 } .. _vo-sec-client-db-manip: Database Manipulation --------------------- You can manipulate VO database using `~astropy.vo.client.vos_catalog.VOSDatabase`, which is basically a nested dictionary with added functionalities. .. _vo-sec-client-db-manip-examples: Examples ^^^^^^^^ >>> from astropy.vo.client.vos_catalog import VOSDatabase You can choose to start with an empty database: >>> my_db = VOSDatabase.create_empty() >>> print(my_db.dumps()) { "__version__": 1, "catalogs": {} } Add the custom catalog from :ref:`VO catalog examples ` to database: >>> my_db.add_catalog('My Catalog 1', my_cat) >>> print(my_db) My Catalog 1 >>> print(my_db.dumps()) { "__version__": 1, "catalogs": { "My Catalog 1": { "creator": "J. Doe", "new_field": "Hello world", "title": "My Own", "url": "http://ex.org/cgi-bin/cs.pl?", "year": 2014 } } } You can write/read the new database to/from a JSON file: >>> my_db.to_json('my_vo_database.json', clobber=True) >>> my_db = VOSDatabase.from_json('my_vo_database.json') You can also load a database from a VO registry. The process is described in :ref:`vo-sec-validator-build-db`, except that here, validation is not done, so ``validate_xxx`` keys are not added. This might generate a lot of warnings, especially if the registry has duplicate entries of similar services, so here, we silently ignore all the warnings: >>> import warnings >>> from astropy.vo.validator import conf as validator_conf >>> with warnings.catch_warnings(): ... warnings.simplefilter('ignore') ... registry_db = VOSDatabase.from_registry( ... validator_conf.conesearch_master_list, encoding='binary', ... cache=False) Downloading http://vao.stsci.edu/directory/NVORegInt.asmx/... |===========================================| 62M/ 62M (100.00%) 00s >>> len(registry_db) 16134 Find catalog names containing ``'usno*a2'`` in the registry database: >>> usno_a2_list = registry_db.list_catalogs(pattern='usno*a2') >>> usno_a2_list [u'ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog USNO A2 Cross-Associations 1', u'The USNO-A2.0 Catalogue (Monet+ 1998) 1', u'USNO-A2 Catalogue 1', u'USNO-A2.0 1', u'USNO-SA2.0 1'] Find access URLs containing ``'stsci'`` in the registry database: >>> stsci_urls = registry_db.list_catalogs_by_url(pattern='stsci') >>> stsci_urls ['http://archive.stsci.edu/befs/search.php?', 'http://archive.stsci.edu/copernicus/search.php?', ..., 'http://galex.stsci.edu/gxWS/ConeSearch/gxConeSearch.aspx?', 'http://gsss.stsci.edu/webservices/vo/ConeSearch.aspx?CAT=GSC23&'] Extract a catalog titled ``'USNO-A2 Catalogue 1'`` from the registry: >>> usno_a2 = registry_db.get_catalog('USNO-A2 Catalogue 1') >>> print(usno_a2) title: USNO-A2 Catalogue url: http://www.nofs.navy.mil/cgi-bin/vo_cone.cgi?CAT=USNO-A2& Extract a catalog by known access URL from the registry (the iterator version of this functionality is :func:`~astropy.vo.client.vos_catalog.VOSDatabase.get_catalogs_by_url`, which is useful in the case of multiple entries with same access URL): >>> gsc_url = 'http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/305/out&' >>> gsc = registry_db.get_catalog_by_url(gsc_url) >>> print(gsc) title: The Guide Star Catalog, Version 2.3.2 (GSC2.3) (STScI, 2006) url: http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/305/out& Add all ``'usno*a2'`` catalogs from registry to your database: >>> for name, cat in registry_db.get_catalogs(): ... if name in usno_a2_list: ... my_db.add_catalog(name, cat) >>> my_db.list_catalogs() [u'My Catalog 1', u'ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog USNO A2 Cross-Associations 1', u'The USNO-A2.0 Catalogue (Monet+ 1998) 1', u'USNO-A2 Catalogue 1', u'USNO-A2.0 1', u'USNO-SA2.0 1'] You can delete a catalog from the database either by name or access URL: >>> my_db.delete_catalog('USNO-SA2.0 1') >>> my_db.delete_catalog_by_url( ... 'http://www.nofs.navy.mil/cgi-bin/vo_cone.cgi?CAT=USNO-A2&') >>> my_db.list_catalogs() [u'My Catalog 1', u'ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog USNO A2 Cross-Associations 1', u'The USNO-A2.0 Catalogue (Monet+ 1998) 1', u'USNO-A2.0 1'] You can also merge two database together. In this example, the second database contains a simple catalog that only has given name and access URL: >>> other_db = VOSDatabase.create_empty() >>> other_db.add_catalog_by_url( ... 'My Guide Star Catalogue', ... 'http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/305/out&') >>> print(other_db.dumps()) { "__version__": 1, "catalogs": { "My Guide Star Catalogue": { "title": "My Guide Star Catalogue", "url": "url": "http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/305/out&" } } } >>> merged_db = my_db.merge(other_db) >>> merged_db.list_catalogs() [u'My Catalog 1', u'My Guide Star Catalogue', u'ROSAT All-Sky Survey Bright Source Catalog USNO A2 Cross-Associations 1', u'The USNO-A2.0 Catalogue (Monet+ 1998) 1', u'USNO-A2.0 1'] .. _vo-sec-client-vos: General VO Services Access -------------------------- `astropy.vo.client.vos_catalog` also contains common utilities for accessing simple VO services already validated by STScI (see :ref:`vo-sec-validator-validate`). .. _vo-sec-vos-config: Configurable Items ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ These parameters are set via :ref:`astropy_config`: * `astropy.io.votable.Conf.pedantic` Set strictness of VO table parser (`False` is recommended). * `astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout` Timeout for remote service access. * `astropy.vo.Conf.vos_baseurl` URL (or path) where VO Service database is stored. Examples ^^^^^^^^ >>> from astropy.vo.client import vos_catalog Get all catalogs from a database named ``'conesearch_good'`` (this contains cone search services that cleanly passed daily validations; also see :ref:`Cone Search Examples `): >>> my_db = vos_catalog.get_remote_catalog_db('conesearch_good') Downloading http://stsdas.stsci.edu/astrolib/vo_databases/conesearch_good.json |============================================| 56/ 56k (100.00%) 00s >>> print(my_db) 2MASS All-Sky Point Source Catalog 1 Guide Star Catalog v2 1 SDSS DR7 - Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 1 SDSS DR7 - Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 2 # ... USNO-A2 Catalogue 1 If you get timeout error, you need to use a custom timeout as follows: >>> from astropy.utils import data >>> with data.conf.set_temp('remote_timeout', 30): ... my_db = vos_catalog.get_remote_catalog_db('conesearch_good') To see validation warnings generated by :ref:`vo-sec-validator-validate` for the one of the catalogs above: >>> my_cat = my_db.get_catalog('Guide Star Catalog v2 1') >>> for w in my_cat['validate_warnings']: ... print(w) /.../vo.xml:136:0: W50: Invalid unit string 'pixel' /.../vo.xml:155:0: W48: Unknown attribute 'nrows' on TABLEDATA By default, pedantic is ``False``: >>> from astropy.io.votable import conf >>> conf.pedantic False To call a given VO service; In this case, a Cone Search (also see :ref:`Cone Search Examples `): >>> from astropy import coordinates as coord >>> from astropy import units as u >>> c = coord.SkyCoord.from_name('47 Tuc') # doctest: +REMOTE_DATA >>> c >>> sr = 0.5 * u.degree >>> sr >>> result = vos_catalog.call_vo_service( ... 'conesearch_good', ... kwargs={'RA': c.ra.degree, 'DEC': c.dec.degree, 'SR': sr.value}, ... catalog_db='The PMM USNO-A1.0 Catalogue (Monet 1997) 1') Trying http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/243/out& Downloading ... WARNING: W22: ... The DEFINITIONS element is deprecated in VOTable 1.1... WARNING: W03: ... Implictly generating an ID from a name 'RA(ICRS)'... WARNING: W03: ... Implictly generating an ID from a name 'DE(ICRS)'... >>> result _r USNO-A1.0 RA_ICRS_ DE_ICRS_ ... Mflag Bmag Rmag Epoch deg deg deg ... mag mag yr float64 str13 float64 float64 ... str1 float64 float64 float64 -------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ... ----- ------- ------- -------- 0.499298 0150-00088188 4.403473 -72.124045 ... 20.6 19.4 1977.781 0.499075 0150-00088198 4.403906 -72.122762 ... 21.2 18.0 1977.778 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... To repeat the above and suppress *all* the screen outputs (not recommended): >>> import warnings >>> with warnings.catch_warnings(): ... warnings.simplefilter('ignore') ... result = vos_catalog.call_vo_service( ... 'conesearch_good', ... kwargs={'RA': c.ra.degree, 'DEC': c.dec.degree, 'SR': sr.value}, ... catalog_db='The PMM USNO-A1.0 Catalogue (Monet 1997) 1', ... verbose=False) You can also use custom VO database, say, ``'my_vo_database.json'`` from :ref:`VO database examples `: >>> import os >>> from astropy.vo import conf as vo_conf >>> with vo_conf.set_temp('vos_baseurl', os.curdir): ... try: ... result = vos_catalog.call_vo_service( ... 'my_vo_database', ... kwargs={'RA': c.ra.degree, 'DEC': c.dec.degree, ... 'SR': sr.value}) ... except Exception as e: ... print(e) Trying http://ex.org/cgi-bin/cs.pl? WARNING: W25: ... failed with: [...] None of the available catalogs returned valid results. (1 URL(s) timed out.) .. _vo-sec-client-scs: Simple Cone Search ------------------ `astropy.vo.client.conesearch` supports VO Simple Cone Search capabilities. Available databases are generated on the server-side hosted by STScI using :ref:`vo-sec-validator-validate`. The database used is controlled by `astropy.vo.Conf.conesearch_dbname`, which can be changed in :ref:`vo-sec-scs-config` below. Here are the available options: #. ``'conesearch_good'`` Default. Passed validation without critical warnings and exceptions. #. ``'conesearch_warn'`` Has critical warnings but no exceptions. Use at your own risk. #. ``'conesearch_exception'`` Has some exceptions. *Never* use this. #. ``'conesearch_error'`` Has network connection error. *Never* use this. In the default setting, it searches the good Cone Search services one by one, stops at the first one that gives non-zero match(es), and returns the result. Since the list of services are extracted from a Python dictionary, the search order might differ from call to call. There are also functions, both synchronously and asynchronously, available to return *all* the Cone Search query results. However, this is not recommended unless one knows what one is getting into, as it could potentially take up significant run time and computing resources. :ref:`vo-sec-scs-examples` below show how to use non-default search behaviors, where the user has more control of which catalog(s) to search, et cetera. .. note:: Most services currently fail to parse when ``pedantic=True``. .. warning:: When Cone Search returns warnings, you should decide whether the results are reliable by inspecting the warning codes in `astropy.io.votable.exceptions`. .. _vo-sec-scs-config: Configurable Items ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ These parameters are set via :ref:`astropy_config`: * `astropy.vo.Conf.conesearch_dbname` Cone Search database name to query. Also depends on :ref:`General VO Services Access Configurable Items `. .. _vo-sec-scs-examples: Examples ^^^^^^^^ >>> from astropy.vo.client import conesearch Shows a sorted list of Cone Search services to be searched: >>> conesearch.list_catalogs() [u'2MASS All-Sky Point Source Catalog 1', u'Guide Star Catalog v2 1', u'SDSS DR7 - Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 1', u'SDSS DR7 - Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 2', u'SDSS DR7 - Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 3', u'SDSS DR7 - Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 4', u'SDSS DR8 - Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8 1', u'SDSS DR8 - Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 8 2', u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version 1.1 (Lasker+ 1992) 1', u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version 1.2 (Lasker+ 1996) 1', u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version GSC-ACT (Lasker+ 1996-99) 1', u'The PMM USNO-A1.0 Catalogue (Monet 1997) 1', u'The USNO-A2.0 Catalogue (Monet+ 1998) 1', u'Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) 1', u'Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) 2', u'USNO-A2 Catalogue 1'] To inspect them in detail, do the following and then refer to the examples in :ref:`vo-sec-client-db-manip`: >>> from astropy.vo.client import vos_catalog >>> good_db = vos_catalog.get_remote_catalog_db('conesearch_good') Select a catalog to search: >>> my_catname = 'The PMM USNO-A1.0 Catalogue (Monet 1997) 1' By default, pedantic is ``False``: >>> from astropy.io.votable import conf >>> conf.pedantic False Perform Cone Search in the selected catalog above for 0.5 degree radius around 47 Tucanae with minimum verbosity, if supported. The ``catalog_db`` keyword gives control over which catalog(s) to use. If running this for the first time, a copy of the catalogs database will be downloaded to local cache. To run this again without using cached data, set ``cache=False``: >>> from astropy import coordinates as coord >>> from astropy import units as u >>> c = coord.SkyCoord.from_name('47 Tuc') # doctest: +REMOTE_DATA >>> c >>> sr = 0.5 * u.degree >>> sr >>> result = conesearch.conesearch(c, sr, catalog_db=my_catname) Trying http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/243/out& Downloading ... WARNING: W22: ... The DEFINITIONS element is deprecated in VOTable 1.1... To run the command above using custom timeout of 30 seconds for each Cone Search service query: >>> from astropy.utils import data >>> with data.conf.set_temp('remote_timeout', 30): ... result = conesearch.conesearch(c, sr, catalog_db=my_catname) To suppress *all* the screen outputs (not recommended): >>> import warnings >>> with warnings.catch_warnings(): ... warnings.simplefilter('ignore') ... result = conesearch.conesearch(c, sr, catalog_db=my_catname, ... verbose=False) Extract Numpy array containing the matched objects. See `numpy` for available operations: >>> cone_arr = result.array.data >>> cone_arr array([ (0.499298, '0150-00088188', 4.403473, -72.124045, ...), (0.499075, '0150-00088198', 4.403906, -72.122762, ...), ...], dtype=[('_r', '>> cone_arr.dtype.names ('_r', 'USNO-A1.0', 'RA_ICRS_', 'DE_ICRS_', 'GSCflag', 'Mflag', 'Bmag', 'Rmag', 'Epoch') >>> cone_arr.size 36184 >>> ra_list = cone_arr['RA_ICRS_'] >>> ra_list array([ 4.403473, 4.403906, 4.404531, ..., 7.641731, 7.645489, 7.6474 ]) >>> cone_arr[0] # First row (0.499298, '0150-00088188', 4.403473, -72.124045, '', '', 20.6, 19.4, 1977.781) >>> cone_arr[-1] # Last row (0.499917, '0150-00226223', 7.6474, -72.0876, '', '', 23.4, 21.7, 1975.829) >>> cone_arr[:10] # First 10 rows array([ (0.499298, '0150-00088188', 4.403473, -72.124045, ...), (0.499075, '0150-00088198', 4.403906, -72.122762, ...), ...], dtype=[('_r', '>> import numpy as np >>> sep = cone_arr['_r'] >>> i_sorted = np.argsort(sep) >>> cone_arr[i_sorted] array([ (0.081971, '0150-00145335', 5.917787, -72.006075, ...), (0.083181, '0150-00149799', 6.020339, -72.164623, ...), ..., (0.499989, '0150-00192872', 6.899589, -72.5043, ...)], dtype=[('_r', '>> from astropy import units as u >>> ra_field = result.get_field_by_id('RA_ICRS_') >>> ra_field.title u'Right ascension (ICRS) mean of blue/red plates' >>> ra_field.unit Unit("deg") >>> ra_field.unit.to(u.arcsec) * ra_list array([ 15852.5028, 15854.0616, 15856.3116, ..., 27510.2316, 27523.7604, 27530.64 ]) Perform the same Cone Search as above but asynchronously using `~astropy.vo.client.conesearch.AsyncConeSearch`. Queries to individual Cone Search services are still governed by `astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout`. Cone Search is forced to run in silent mode asynchronously, but warnings are still controlled by :py:mod:`warnings`: >>> async_search = conesearch.AsyncConeSearch(c, sr, catalog_db=my_catname) Check asynchronous search status: >>> async_search.running() True >>> async_search.done() False Get search results after a 30-second wait (not to be confused with `astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout` that governs individual Cone Search queries). If search is still not done after 30 seconds, ``TimeoutError`` is raised. Otherwise, Cone Search result is returned and can be manipulated as above. If no ``timeout`` keyword given, it waits until completion: >>> async_result = async_search.get(timeout=30) >>> cone_arr = async_result.array.data >>> cone_arr.size 36184 Estimate the execution time and the number of objects for the Cone Search service URL from above. The prediction naively assumes a linear model, which might not be accurate for some cases. It also uses the normal :func:`~astropy.vo.client.conesearch.conesearch`, not the asynchronous version. This example uses a custom timeout of 30 seconds and runs silently (except for warnings): >>> result.url u'http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/243/out&' >>> with data.conf.set_temp('remote_timeout', 30): ... t_est, n_est = conesearch.predict_search( ... result.url, c, sr, verbose=False, plot=True) WARNING: W22: ... The DEFINITIONS element is deprecated in VOTable 1.1... # ... >>> t_est # Predicted execution time 10.757875269998323 >>> n_est # Predicted number of objects 37340 .. image:: images/client_predict_search_t.png :width: 450px :alt: Example plot from conesearch.predict_search() for t_est .. image:: images/client_predict_search_n.png :width: 450px :alt: Example plot from conesearch.predict_search() for n_est For debugging purpose, one can obtain the actual execution time and number of objects, and compare them with the predicted values above. The INFO message shown in controlled by `astropy.logger`. Keep in mind that running this for every prediction would defeat the purpose of the prediction itself: >>> t_real, tab = conesearch.conesearch_timer( ... c, sr, catalog_db=result.url, verbose=False) INFO: conesearch_timer took 11.5103080273 s on AVERAGE for 1 call(s). [...] >>> t_real # Actual execution time 11.5103080273 >>> tab.array.size # Actual number of objects 36184 One can also search in a list of catalogs instead of a single one. In this example, we look for all catalogs containing ``'guide*star'`` in their titles and only perform Cone Search using those services. The first catalog in the list to successfully return non-zero result is used. Therefore, the order of catalog names given in ``catalog_db`` is important: >>> gsc_cats = conesearch.list_catalogs(pattern='guide*star') >>> gsc_cats [u'Guide Star Catalog v2 1', u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version 1.1 (Lasker+ 1992) 1', u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version 1.2 (Lasker+ 1996) 1', u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version GSC-ACT (Lasker+ 1996-99) 1'] >>> with data.conf.set_temp('remote_timeout', 30): ... gsc_result = conesearch.conesearch(c, sr, catalog_db=gsc_cats) Trying http://gsss.stsci.edu/webservices/vo/ConeSearch.aspx?CAT=GSC23& WARNING: W50: ... Invalid unit string 'pixel' [...] WARNING: W48: ... Unknown attribute 'nrows' on TABLEDATA [...] >>> gsc_result.array.size 74272 >>> gsc_result.url u'http://gsss.stsci.edu/webservices/vo/ConeSearch.aspx?CAT=GSC23&' To repeat the Cone Search above with the services listed in a different order: >>> gsc_cats_reordered = [gsc_cats[i] for i in (3, 1, 2, 0)] >>> gsc_cats_reordered [u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version GSC-ACT (Lasker+ 1996-99) 1', u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version 1.1 (Lasker+ 1992) 1', u'The HST Guide Star Catalog, Version 1.2 (Lasker+ 1996) 1', u'Guide Star Catalog v2 1'] >>> gsc_result = conesearch.conesearch(c, sr, catalog_db=gsc_cats_reordered) Trying http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/255/out& Downloading ... WARNING: W22: ... The DEFINITIONS element is deprecated in VOTable 1.1... >>> gsc_result.array.size 2997 >>> gsc_result.url u'http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/255/out&' To obtain results from *all* the services above: >>> with data.conf.set_temp('remote_timeout', 30): ... all_gsc_results = conesearch.search_all(c, sr, catalog_db=gsc_cats) Trying http://gsss.stsci.edu/webservices/vo/ConeSearch.aspx?CAT=GSC23& Downloading ... Trying http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/220/out& Downloading ... Trying http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/254/out& Downloading ... WARNING: W22: ... The DEFINITIONS element is deprecated in VOTable 1.1... Trying http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/255/out& Downloading ... >>> len(all_gsc_results) 4 >>> for url, tab in all_gsc_results.items(): ... print('{0} has {1} results'.format(url, tab.array.size)) http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/220/out& has 2997 results http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/255/out& has 2997 results http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=I/254/out& has 2998 results http://gsss.stsci.edu/webservices/vo/ConeSearch.aspx?CAT=GSC23& has 74272 results To repeat the above asynchronously: >>> data.conf.remote_timeout = 30 # "with" does not work with async >>> async_search_all = conesearch.AsyncSearchAll(c, sr, catalog_db=gsc_cats) >>> async_search_all.running() True >>> async_search_all.done() False >>> all_gsc_results = async_search_all.get() >>> data.conf.reload('remote_timeout') # Reset config If one is unable to obtain any results using the default Cone Search database, ``'conesearch_good'``, that only contains sites that cleanly passed validation, one can use :ref:`astropy_config` to use another database, ``'conesearch_warn'``, containing sites with validation warnings. One should use these sites with caution: >>> from astropy.vo import conf >>> conf.conesearch_dbname = 'conesearch_warn' >>> conesearch.list_catalogs() Downloading http://stsdas.stsci.edu/astrolib/vo_databases/conesearch_warn.json |===========================================| 277k/ 277k (100.00%) 00s [u'2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003) 1', u'Data release 7 of Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalogs 1', u'Data release 7 of Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalogs 2', u'Data release 7 of Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalogs 3', u'Data release 7 of Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalogs 4', u'Data release 7 of Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalogs 5', u'Data release 7 of Sloan Digital Sky Survey catalogs 6', u'The 2MASS All-Sky Catalog 1', u'The 2MASS All-Sky Catalog 2', u'The USNO-B1.0 Catalog (Monet+ 2003) 1', u'The USNO-B1.0 Catalog 1', u'USNO-A V2.0, A Catalog of Astrometric Standards 1', u'USNO-B1 Catalogue 1'] >>> result = conesearch.conesearch(c, sr) Trying http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/votable/-A?-out.all&-source=II/246/out& Downloading ... WARNING: W22: ... The DEFINITIONS element is deprecated in VOTable 1.1... >>> result.array.data.size 17479 You can also use custom Cone Search database, say, ``'my_vo_database.json'`` from :ref:`VO database examples `: >>> import os >>> from astropy.vo import conf as vo_conf >>> vo_conf.vos_baseurl = os.curdir >>> vo_conf.conesearch_dbname = 'my_vo_database' >>> conesearch.list_catalogs() [u'My Catalog 1'] >>> result = conesearch.conesearch(c, sr) Trying http://ex.org/cgi-bin/cs.pl? # ... VOSError: None of the available catalogs returned valid results. (1 URL(s) timed out.)